match the blood type with the possible genotype s

What determines blood type?

Restrained within their cell membranes, both red blood cells have specific glycolipids titled A and B glycolipids. People with blood typewrite A have the A glycolipid in their cell membranes, people with blood type B have the B glycolipid in their cell membranes, and people with blood type AB, have both glycolipids in their cell membranes. People with blood group O, however,  have neither glycolipid in their cell membranes (think of the smooth come on of the letter O and show a cell membrane with a diplomatic surface without A operating theater B glycolipids).

Wherefore ut health care providers care around matching stemma types during blood transfusions?

When a person receives a blood blood transfusion, IT is selfsame important that they receive the redress blood eccentric. If a person receives the incorrect blood case, it can direct to a very dangerous immune response. Here is wherefore that happens:

As you may already know, antibodies are part of your body's defense system and they are ill-used to supporte plan of attack anything foreign found in the physical structure. Antibodies subprogram by destroying foreign bodies operating theatre mark them for destruction by other component of the immune system. A healthy person would not make antibodies against anything that is usually found in their body. For model, if you have AB blood, your body would non make antibodies against A or B glycolipids. If you have O blood, even so, your blood does not contain A operating theater B glycolipids. As a resultant, your body would recognize the A and B glycolipids in A, B, and Bachelor of Arts eccentric blood as foreign and green goods antibodies against them. More generally, a person will produce antibodies against any origin glycolipid that doesn't already exist in their blood type.

This can create a problem during blood transfusions; if you give someone blood that they have antibodies against, their immune system bequeath work to destruct the donated blood and the process leave lead to touch-and-go inflammation. As a ensue, populate can only receive rake donations from line of descent types that they do non have antibodies against. This is why O is called the universal donor (O contains neither A nor B glycolipids so it does not induce an antibody response in anyone) and Bachelor of Arts is named the universal recipient (AB line of descent contains both A and B glycolipids and so a mortal with this blood type will not make antibodies against whatever other blood case).

How is blood group heritable?

For the most part, blood group is hereditary similarly to many traits that you have likely already covered in your biota course. As a matter of fact you can use punnett squares to determine the genotype and phenotype of offspring. One interesting difference betwixt blood group and some other traits, however, is that there is not a man-to-man inheritance normal that governs all of the blood types. Blood case O is always financial condition , so it requires 2 copies of the O allele for an offspring to demonstrate the O phenotype. Blood types A and B are codominant to each other, meaning that if a person inherits the A allele from one parent and the B allelomorph from the other parent, both traits will be expressed and the offspring volition have AB blood case. While blood types A and B are codominant to for each one another, they are both dominant to the O allele. As a outcome, you backside have blood character A or B either by inheriting two copies of the A OR B allelomorph or by heritable one re-create of the A Beaver State B allele and united copy of the O allele. See the chart downstairs for offspring genotype and phenotype for all of the potential paternal alleles.

Note: the writing in cherry indicates young phenotype
http://sites.saschina.org/audreypx2016/2015/01/28/the-inheritance-pattern-of-many-traits-cannot-be-explained-away-simple-mendelian-genetics/

A quick summary of the genotypes, phenotypes, and antibodies for all four blood types:

Note: The alleles for A and B are indicated with a capital I and an A or B superscript. The allele for O is indicated with a lowercase i.

match the blood type with the possible genotype s

Source: https://blog.cambridgecoaching.com/an-introduction-to-blood-types-genotype-phenotype-inheritance-transfusion-and-more

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